GRAPHIC TAB G POPLAR RESEARCH BOARD 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W., HA 454; Washington, DC 20418 FAX:(202) 334-14-77 Confirmation Number: (202) 334-3479 FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION DATE: MARCH 9, 1995 NUMBER OF PAGES INCLUDING COVER: 7 TO: TRACY SMITH, ACHRE FAX: 254-9827 FROM: LOREN W. SETLOW, DIRECTOR Tracy, Following are some documents related to the testimony to be given by Dr. Pierce at the hearing next week. They include a short biography of Dr. Pierce, a copy of the original request letter from Senator Murkowski, authorizing legislation text, and a copy of Congressional Record conference report for the Defense Appropriations Act of 1994 regarding the study. Last year we provided to Dan Guttman by fax a copy of the agenda for our public meeting in Fairbanks, AK, July 7-9, 1994; that document should also be provided to the Committee. Let me know if you have trouble finding it. Please let me know how many copies of testimony the Committee and Staff will need. Thanks by the way for providing the transcript of testimony from the hearing in New Mexico. Sincerely, Loren BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION Chester M. Pierce, Chairman of the Committee on Evaluation of 1950s Air Force Human Health Testing in Alaska Using Radioactive Iodine131, earned his AB from Harvard College ad his MD from Harvard Medical School, and has received honorary Doctorate of Science from Westfield College and Tufts University. He is a professor of psychiatry at Harvard University School of Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the Chairman of the ad hoc Committee on Polar Biomedicine of the National Research Council's Polar Research Board in the 1980s, and has been the U.S. delegate for the National Academy of Sciences to the International Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research's Working Group on Human Biology and Medical Science sine 1977. Dr. Pierce is Past President of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. He is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences and is a recipient of the Special Recognition Award from the National Medical Association as well as having been made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. He also has a geographic feature in Antarctica named for him - Pierce Peak. UNITED STATES SENATE WASHINGTON, DC 20510-0202 (202) 224-8668 April 28, 1993 Dr. Kenneth Shine President, Institute of Medicine National Academy of Sciences 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20418 Dear Dr. Shine: Enclosed is a report of an Air Force medical study that outline show human subjects, including Eskimos and Athabascan Indians in Alaska, were used to study human acclimatization to cold. This particular study used tracer doses of a radioactive isotope -- Iodine-131 -- to determine metabolic rates. I would greatly appreciate assistance from specialist at the Institute of Medicine in answering the following questions: _ Does it appear that this study was conducted in accordance with generally accepted guidelines governing the use of human participants in medical experimentation? _ Was the adminstration of Iodine-131 dosages in accordance with radiation exposure standards of the time? Were they in accordance with the radiation exposure standards of today? If it is not possible to provide me with some insight on these questions based on the enclosed information, I would appreciate any guidance you might provide about the guidelines that should have been followed, particularly as they relate to: _ the notification of participants about the possible risks, if any, that were involved with the experiment: _ whether or not follow up surveys should have been performed to assure that the participants suffered no long term ill effects. Thank you for any assistance you might provide in this matter. For the benefit of your staff, my staff contact is David Garman, who can be reached at (202) 224-5127. Sincerely, Frank H. Murkowski United States Senator Enclosure H 8978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE November 9, 1993 So the bill was passed. The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. GENERAL LEAVE Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may have 5 legislative days in which to revise and extend their remarks, and include extraneous matter, on H.R. 1038, the bill which was just considered and passed. The Speaker pro tempore (Mr. Hughes). Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Montana? There was no objection. PERSONAL EXPLANATION Mr. MANN. Mr. Speaker, on roll call 556 I would like to indicate that I was unavoidably detained and could not cast my vote. Had I cast my vote I would have voted "aye". I ask unanimous consent that my comments appear in the Record. CONFERENCE REPORT ON H.R. 3116, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 1994 Mr. MURTHA submitted the following conference report and statement on the bill (H.R. 3116) making appropria- tions for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1994, and for other purposes. CONFERENCE REPORT 9H. REPORT. 103-ILLEGIBLE The Committee of Conference on the dis- agreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 3116) "making appropriations for the Depart- ment of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1994, and for other purposes," having met, after full and free conference, have agreed to recommend and do recommend to their respective Houses as follows: That the Senate recedes from its amend- ments numbered 27, 36, 57, 61, 62, 64, 80, 83, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 104, 106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 131, 135, 149, 150, 153, 160, 164, 168, 171, 176, 177, 178, 184, 192, 196, 199, 200, 202, 204, 206, 207, 210, 213, 218, 219, and 223. That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendments of the Senate numbered 12, 16, 17, 20, 24, 28, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 50, 52, 53, 55, 60, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 82, 85, 87, 98, 118, 123, 125, 126, 134, 137, 146, 158, 159, 162, 167, 168, 172, 178, 181, 182, 188, and 224, and agree to the same. Amendment numbered 1: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate numbered 1, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend- ment insert: $21,296,177,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 2: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 2, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend- ment insert: $18,330,830,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 3: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 3, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend- ment insert: $15,772,317,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 4: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 4, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend- ment insert: $15,823,030,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 5: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 5, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend- ment insert: $2,149,147,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 6: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 6, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend- ment insert: $1,555,800,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 7: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate numb- bered 7, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the proposed by said amend- ment insert: $350,890,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 8: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 8, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend- ment insert: $781,858,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 9: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 9, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend- ment insert: $3,340,283,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 10: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 10, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend- ment insert: $1,223,492,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 11: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 11, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend- ment insert: $15,802,057,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 13: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 13, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: After the words "on January 1, 1947 and ending on December 21, 1971" named in said amendment strike out all the matter that follows: And the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 14: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 14, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend- ment insert: $19,860,309,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 18: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 18, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: Restore the matter stricken by said amendment, amended to read as follows: "Provided. That $350,000 shall be available only to connect residences located in the vicinity of the Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster, to the Warminster municipal water supply system: Provided further. That of the funds appro- priated under this heading, not less than $56,442,550 shall be made available only for the Pacific Missile Range Facility, Hawaii; Pro- vided further, That for costs associated with the termination of the planned MHC facility in Astoria, Oregon, $2,000,000 shall be made avail- able only to the State of Oregon within 60 days after enactment of this Act for the Marine and Environment Station at South Tongue Point, Oregon, and of the amount $500,000 shall be made available for program development;" and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 18: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 18, and agree to the same with as amendment, as follows: In lieu of the matter striken and inserted by said amendment insert: $1,8651,699,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 19: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 19, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: In lieu of the sum proposed by said amend- ment insert: $19,093,805,000; and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 21: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- bered 21, and agree to the same with an amendment, as follows: Restore the matter stricken by said amendment, amended to read as follows: "Provided further, That $15,500,000 shall be used only to operate, maintain and enhance the Tac- tical Interim CAMS and REMIS Reporting Sys- tem (TICARRS-92): Provided further, That TICARRS-92 be reestablished, with direct main- tenance data input, as the supporting system for at least one wing each of F-15, f-16, and F-117A aircraft by no later than August 31, 1994: Pro- vided further, That none of the funds appro- priated or otherwise made available under this Act shall be used to operate, maintain or other- wise support an automated maintenance man- agement system for F-15, F-16, and F-117A air- craft other than TICARRS-92 after August 31, 1994: Provided further, That of the funds appro- priated under this heading, not more than $9,538,000 shall be available only for a grant to the Women in Military Service for America Mem- orial Foundation Inc., to be used solely to perform the repair, restoration, and preservation of the main gate structures, center plaza, and Homicycle of the Arlington National Cemetery, and these funds shall be made available solely for projects costs and none of the funds are for remuneration of any entity or individual associ- ated with fund raising for the project: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading, $5,000,000 shall be made available only for continued environmental restoration of the former Olmsted Air Force Base, Pennsylva- nia: and the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 22: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate num- Budget Activity 3: 12580 Base Ops - 5,000 12760 Professional Development -18,124 12860 Civ Pers under- strength - 7,500 Budget Activity 4: 13350 Legislative support -11,600 DFAS Service -21,900 Aircraft Depot Maint backlog +11,800 13400 Natural gas technology + 2,600 13500 Base Ops -10,000 J8TAR8 - 5,000 Military personnel un- derstrength - 1,433 13600 Major command reorganization - 9,500 Arlington Cemetery + 9,535 Consultant Advisory Assistance 8yrs -15,000 Headquarters - 7,690 Criminal Investigation - 2,900 Military personnel un- strength - 1,000 13650 Gen Purpose Communications -40,300 Military personnel un- strength - 1,000 Alternate dispute reso- lution + 200 13909 Disability Compensation -32,000 Military personnel un- derstrength - 500 14000 Civil Air Patrol + 250 14050 Base Ops -15,000 Hamilton AFB Cleanup - 5,000 Pentagon Reservation - 3,800 Military personnel un- strength - 500 Amendment numbered 21: Restores and amends House language to provide funding for the Tactical Interim CAMS and REMIS Reporting System (TICARRS-92): restores House language providing funding for the Women in Military Service for America Memorial Foundation Inc., for specific repair, restora- tion and preservation functions at Arlington National Cemetery: and restores House language providing funding for continued envi- ronmental restoration of the former Olmsted Air Force Base, Pennsylvania. AUTOMATED LOGISTICS MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS Last year, the conference directed the Insti- tute for Defense Analyses (IDA) to complete a comparative evaluation of CAMS/REMIS and TICARRS. This evaluation was directed because the General Accounting Office (GAO) and a Department of Defense Major Information System Review Council has found serious deficiencies in the ability of CAMS and REMIS to deliver timely and ac- curate data. IDA verified these previous findings that CAMS/REMIS has problems with data integ- rity, availability and responsiveness. Fur- thermore, IDA considered that because of the complexity of the CAMS/REMIS architec- ture, it is very uncertain that these short- comings can be overcome. It also found that the Air Force could save $100,000,000 over ten years by using TICARRS instead of CAMS/REMIS. IDA's overall assessment concluded that TICARRS is at least as effective as CAMS/ REMIS with less risk and cost. Given these findings, the conferees support the House position and direct in the interim that the Air Force reestablish TICARRS. with direct data input, as the maintenance management system for F-15, F-16 and F-117A aircraft. The conferees further direct that the Dep- uty Secretary of Defense provide the Committee on Appropriations of the House and Senate a report not later than May 15, 1994, on plans to develop a new joint service, Secretary of Defense-managed, logistics maintenance system. This report should include, but not be limited to; a proposed acquisition timeline, the cost one new joint system; an evaluation of the applicability of OMB Circular A-109, and the naming of an Office of Secretary of Defense designee who will manage this important acquisition. STANDARDIZATION OF MAINTENANCE SYSTEM APPLICATIONS The Army was tasked in a Program Deci- sion Memorandum, entitled "Army Maintenance Information System", (September 18, 1992), to implement a smart data system. Subsequently, the Army was directed to fund a concept demonstration for presentation to the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition on April 1, 1993. However, the con- ferees have been informed that no action has yet been taken by the Army. The conferees support the concept of a joint program for maintenance support below the wholesale logistic level, and therefore encourage the Department to carefully evaluate several potent- ial systems before selecting one maintenance support system. In keeping with this philosophy, the con- ferees direct that the Army complete a smart data system concept demonstration under the auspices of the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition who shall report the results to the defense committees prior to September 30, 1994. ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION The conferees recommend an additional $200,000 over the request for alternate dis- pute resolution training and program resolu- tion. These funds are required as a result of recent decisions expanding the Air Force's successful efforts to date in implementing the Administrative Dispute Resolution Act of 1990. OVER THE HORIZON BACKSCATTER RADAR SYSTEM The conferees agree with the Senate lan- guage directing the Air Force to continue operating the East Coast Over-the-Horizon Backscatter (OTH-B) radar at no less than the current 40 hour per week schedule, and to ensure that all OTH-B tracking data is transmitted directly to DOD and civilian agencies responsible for providing counterdrug detection and monitoring sup- port to law enforcement agencies. In order to utilize the full potential of this wide-area sensor, the conferees direct DOD to (1) assist the Air Force in linking the East Coast OTH-B radar site data directly to users, including but not limited to the U.S. Customs/Coast Guard C31 Center, Miami; Joint Task Force for Operations Center, Key West; U.S. Southern Command Operations Center, Key West; and U.S. Southern Command Operations Center, Panama: and (2) fully cooperate with efforts of other government agencies to utilize for re- mote environmental and weather monitoring and ILLEGIBLE. NOTE INVESTIGATION OF RADIATION TESTING In 1967, the Air Force conducted tests of ra- dioactive material on Alaska Natives. The conferees are concerned about the long term implications of these tests on the Native groups involved, and the failure of the De- partment of Defense to conduct adequate fol- lowup evaluation of these cases. The con- ferees agree that $150,000 shall be available only for the investigation of the tests con- ducted by the Air Force, and for the preparation of a report recommending specific actions to be taken by the Department of Defense to ensure that the health needs of individuals who were involved in these tests are addressed. G-12 AIRCRAFT The conferees direct the Air Force to con- tinue funding and performing operation and maintenance activities on G-12 aircraft used by Defense Attaches. C-30 AIRCRAFT TRANSFER The conferees direct the Secretary of the Air Force to transfer one C-20 aircraft from the Air Force's current aircraft inventory to the Coast Guard. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE DEFENSE-WIDE Amendment No. 22: Appropriations $9,466,801,000 instead of $9,487,133,000 as pro- posed by the House and $9,452,165,000 as pro- posed by the Senate. The conferees agreement is as follows: GRAPHIC (text ILLEGIBLE) H.R. 2401 As finally approved by the House and Senate (Enrolled) Item 272: (41) SEC. 736. INDEPENDENT STUDY OF CONDUCT OF MEDICAL STUDY BY ARCTIC AEROMEDICAL LABORATORY, LADD AIR FORCE BASE, ALASKA. SEC. 736. INDEPENDENT STUDY OF CONDUCT OF MEDICAL STUDY BY ARCTIC AEROMEDICAL LABORATORY, LADD AIR FORCE BASE, ALASKA. (a) Requirement for Study. -- The Secretary of Defense shall provide, in accordance with this section, for an independent study of the conduct of a series of medical studies performed during or prior to 1957 by the Air Force Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory, Ladd Air Force Base, Alaska. The series of medical studies refereed to in the preceding sentence was designed to study thyroid activity in men exposed to cold and involved the adminstration of a radioactive isotope (Iodine 131) to certain Alaska Natives. (b) Conduct of Required Study. -- The independent study required by subsection (a) shall be conducted by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences or a similar organization. The study shall, at a minimum, include the consideration of the following matters: (1) Whether the series of medical studies referred to in subsection (a) was conducted in accordance with generally accepted guideline for the use of human participants in medical experimentation. (2) Whether Iodine 131 dosages in the series of medical studies were administered in accordance with radiation exposure standards generally accepted as of 1957 and with radiation exposure standards generally accepted as of 1993. (3) The guidelines that should have been followed in the conduct of the series of medical studies, including guidelines regarding notification of participants about any possible risks. (4) Whether subsequent studies of the participants should have been provided for and conducted to determine whether any participants suffered long term ill effects of the adminstration of Iodine 131 and, in the case of such ill effects, needed medical care for such effects. (c) Direct or Indirect DOD involvement. -- The Secretary may provide for the conduct of the Independent study required by subsection (a) either -- (1) by entering into an agreement with an independent organization referred to in subsection (b) to conduct the study; or (2) by transferring to the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, or the head of another department or agency of the Federal Government the funds necessary to carry out the study in accordance with subsection (b). (d) Report. -- The Secretary of Defense or the head of the department or agency of the Federal Government who provides for carrying out the Independent study required by subsection (a), as the case may be, shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the study, including the matters referred to in subsection (b). NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL COMMISSION ON GEOSCIENCES ENVIRONMENT, AND RESOURCES 2101 Constitution Avenue Washington, DC 20478 POPLAR RESEARCH BOARDTel: (202) 334-3479 US National Committee for SCARFax: (202) 334-1477 US Committee for IASCILLEGIBLE: polarresearch Telsec 248664 NASWUR ANNOUNCEMENT FORMATION OF THE COMMITTEE FOR EVALUATION OF 1950'S AIR FORCE HUMAN HEALTH TESTING IN ALASKA USING RADIOISOTOPE IODINE-131 The Poplar Research Board (PRB) of the National Research Council's (NRC) Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources (CGER), in collaboration with NRC's Commission on Life Sciences, Board on Radiation Effects Research (BRER), and the Institute of Medicine's Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (HPDP), of the National Academy of Sciences are pleased to announce the formation of the Committee for Evaluation of 1950's Air Force Human Health Testing in Alaska Using Radioisotope Iodine-131. The Committee was formed in response to the request of Congress to review 1950's Air Force Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory metabolic research projects on how human subjects, including 102 Native Alaskans and 19 white airmen and enlisted men in Alaska, acclimatized to cold. In particular, the review will focus on the research administration of radioisotope iodine-131 dosages to examine the subjects' thyroid gland activity, how the subjects were informed of the experimental procedures prior to its conduct, and whether subsequent follow-up procedures should have been provided. To the extent possible, the study will strive to place the Air Force research in perspective with the historical condition of medical practice in Alaska and the U.S. in the mid 1950's, compared to that of 1993. The Native Alaskans were from the villages of Wainwright, Point Lay, Anaktuvuk Pass, Fort Yukon, Point Hope, and Arctic Village. Of the 121 participants, only 109 were named; missing were names of six Natives from Point Hope Village and six infantrymen. The subjects given the radioisotope at the same time of the study in 1955 through 1957 ranged in age from 16 to 90 and included both men and women, including women of child-bearing age. The Committee will examine the documentation already obtained from U.S. Air Force records of the Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory, results and procedures of the experiments, historical information on the programs and operation of the laboratory, plus (as available) information from people who took part in and conducted the studies. The Committee will hold a meeting in Fairbanks, Alaska, on July 7-10, 1994, in the Arctic Room of the Captain Hook Hotel, 427 First Avenue, phone (907) 456-4456, and will have pubic sessions on the afternoon of July 7 from 1:00 p.m. until 5:00 p.m. An additional session will be held from 7:00 p.m. until approximately 9:30 p.m., which will allow for the Committee to receive public comments and pertinent information relevant to this investigation. A shorter public session will be held on the morning of July 8 commencing at 9:00 a.m. Based on its deliberations, the Committee will release its report by the end of this year. The report will summarize what is known about the conduct of the Air Force Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory Study and will answer the questions posed by the Congress about: 1) Whether the study was conducted in accordance with generally accepted guidelines of the 1950's and 1993 governing the use of human participants in medical experimentation, 2) Was the adminstration of Iodine-131 dosages in accordance with radiation exposure standards of the 1950's and 1993, 3) What guidelines should have been followed in the conduct of the medical studies, including notification of participants about the possible risks, if any, that were involved with the experiment, and 4) Whether or not follow-up surveys should have been performed to assure that the participants suffered no long-term ill effects from the experiments, and in the case of such ill effects, needed medical care for such effects. The Committee will not perform medical examinations on individuals who may have been the subject of the Air Force Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory thyroid function experiments. Nor will it carry out epidemiological studies of the study participants. The focus of the Committee's deliberations will be on the conduct of the experiments, including whether the subjects - as a group - were wronged or harmed. The Committee consists of 5 members: _ Dr. Chester Pierce, who is the Chairman of the Committee, He is a psychiatrist and an expert on medical research in polar regions and cold environments, and a professor at the Harvard University Medical School in Cambridge, Massachusetts; _ Dr. Inder Chopra, a medical expert on endocrinology and nuclear medicine and a professor at the UCLA Medical School in Los Angeles, California; _ Nancy M.P. King, J.D., a legal expert on bioethics and the history of informed consent in human medical experimentation and a professor at the University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. _ Dr. Kenneth Mossman, a health physicist with expertise in the subject of radiation biology, and a professor in the Department of Microbiology at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona; and _ Dr. David Baines, a Native Alaskan who is a practicing physician in St. Maries, Idaho, and an expert in the treatment of indigenous people. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, non- profit, non-governmental society of distinguished scholars in scientific and engineering research, chartered in 1863, and dedicated to the furtherance of science and its use for the general welfare. The Institute of Medicine was chartered by the National Academy of Sciences in 1970 to deal with problems associated with the delivery of adequate health services to all sectors of society. The National Research Council serves as the operating agency of the National Academy of Sciences, was established in 1916, and draws upon a wide cross-section of the nation's leading scientists and engineers for advisory services to government agencies and the Congress. As part of the National Research Council, the Polar Research Board has had a long and active role in advising government on biomedical research in Alaska and the polar regions; the Board has always included a physician on its roster, and PRB members and staff are actively familiar with both the history of medical research in Native communities in Alaska, and sociological aspects and traditions of those communities. Collaborating with the Board are other organizations of the Academy with expertise and experience in the appropriate biomedical health which have also conducted historic reviews. The Board on Radiation Effects Research is currently conducting a study on radiological safety in the Marshall Islands and the health risks of radon gas, and the Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention has reviewed experiments in which World War II veterans were exposed to Mustard gas and Lewisite, and has studied the health effects of exposure to herbicides, including Agent Orange, that were used in Vietnam. The present project will be conducted in consultation with the Committee to Review Human Subjects Research (IRB) in the Academy's National Research Council. This project was authorized by Congress in the Department of Defense Authorization Act of 1994, and is funded by the United States Air Force, Human Systems Center (AFMC), Brooks Air Force Base, Texas. PROVISIONAL AGENDA -- JULY 7, 1994 FAIRBANKS, ALASKA COMMITTEE FOR EVALUATION OF 1950'S AIR FORCE HUMAN HEALTH TESTING IN ALASKA USING RADIOISOTOPE IODINE-131 ARCTIC ROOM, CAPTAIN HOOK HOTEL 427 FIRST AVENUE, FAIRBANKS 1:00 p.m. Open Session - Discussions With Interested Parties Welcome - Dr. Chester Pierce, Committee Chairman Senator Frank Murkowski Dr. Peter Nakamura, Alaska Department of Health & Social Services Office of the Mayor, North Slope Borough 2:00 p.m. Dr. Robert Fortuine, University of Alaska - Anchorage Health Programs of 1950's in Northern and Central Alaska 2:30 p.m. Dr. Horace Drury, Dr. John Meehan, and Dr. Robert Eisner Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory and 1950's Projects 3:00 p.m. Break 3:15 p.m. Representative, Tanana Chiefs Conference Concerns 3:45 p.m. Florence Gilbert Newman and Trimble Gilbert Arctic Village Study 4:15 p.m. Randall Baalam Fort Yukon Study 4:45 p.m. TBD U.S. Military in Alaska/Cold War Concerns 5:15 p.m. Recess PROVISIONAL AGENDA - JULY 7, 1994 FAIRBANKS, ALASKA COMMITTEE FOR EVALUATION OF 1950'S AIR FORCE HUMAN HEALTH TESTING IN ALASKA USING RADIOISOTOPE IODINE-131 7:00 p.m. Open Session - Continued Discussions With Interested Parties Family of Martha James Arctic Village Study Other Native Alaskan Participants Public Comments 9:30 p.m. Recess Friday, July 8, 1994 8:30 a.m. Open Session - Continued Discussions With Interested Parties 9:00 a.m. Dr. Kaare Rodahl - Teleconference Oslo, Norway Thyroid Activity in Men Exposed to Cold Study 10:00 a.m. Break 10:15 a.m. Military Participants - Teleconference 11:30 a.m. Executive Session - Committee Members and NAS Staff Only LIBRARY NAVAL ARCTIC RESEARCH LABORATORY REPORT OF THE WORKING PARTY CONFERENCE FOR THE IBF/HA STUDY OF CIRCUMPOLAR POPULATIONS HELD AT THE NAVAL ARCTIC RESEARCH LABORATORY FT. BARROW, ALASKA 17-22 NOVEMBER 1967 SUMMARY STATEMENT A study of the effect of cold and of exercise on thyroid function has been outlined in the appended protocol. The aim of the study is to develop a method for assessing human thyroid activity under various experimental conditions, and to investigate the acute effect of cold and of heavy exercise on the secretion of thyroid hormone and other related hormones. Phase I of the study will be the investigation of the control subjects in a neutral thermal environment. The experiments will start in the beginning of November 1967, and will continue over a 2-week period. Six to eight subjects will be used and each one will be studied over a period of five days. Thyroid uptake and renal excretion of radioiodine, radioactive PRI and total plasma iodine will be measured. Additional measurements of body temperature and oxygen consumption will be made. Phase II of the study will be the effect of acute cold exposure. The actual experiments will be carried out during the first three weeks of December 1967. Preparations will begin earlier, Twelve subjects will be used over a period of five days for each subject. Four additional subjects will be studied during a shorter period to determine the effect on the early uptake of iodine. The above-mentioned thyroid function tests will be carried out by isotope techniques. Blood volume dynamics as well as hormonal contents (ILLEGIBLE, ILLEGIBLE, corticosteroid, catecholamine) and in plasma and urine will be assessed. Body temperatures and oxygen consumption will be measured to calculate the heat exchange. Phase III of the study will be the effect of heavy exercise. This part of the investigation will be carried out in February 1968. For twelve subjects a period of heavy exercise will be substituted for the acute cold exposure and the same measurements will be carried out as in Phase II. During the experimental periods, the subjects will be kept in confined quarters and their activities, caloric intake, urine collection, etc., will be supervised and recorded. Exercised ILLEGIBLE /ILLEGIBLE subjects. Instead of the two-hour cold exposures, these subjects will go through two- hour periods of heavy exercise. Procedure The subjects will be youngmen (20-30 years old). They will be characterized as to age, height, weight, skinfold thickness and lean body mass. They will fill out a questionnaire giving information on their physical activities, environment, and previous amount of outdoor cold exposure. If possible, their degree of physical fitness will be assessed. It will be checked that the subjects are normal euthyroid persons, and FBI "screening" test will be performed. The subjects will be closely questioned as to their diet and possible intake or contact with iodine in any form, including iodized salt, toothpaste, chemical drugs, radioactive materials and substances known to affect thyroid measurements. They will be told to avoid fresh fish and iodized salt for at least one week before the investigation. Each subject will be studied during a five day period. After the adminstration of labeled iodine, he will undergo a two-hour cold exposure (or two hours of exercise) at 24 hours (Day 2) and at 72 hours (Day 4) with a control period at 48 hours (Day 3), as shown in Figure 1. Measurements will be made before, immediately after, and four hours after the cold exposure (or exercise) period. For four additional subjects, a 2-hour cold exposure at 24 hours to study effects on the early uptake of iodine. The 72 hour cold exposure will be omitted for these subjects. During the two hour cold exposure, the air temperature will be kept at 50 C, and the air movement will be controlled. The subjects wearing only thin cotton shorts, will be on his back, fully extended, motionless, on a plastic net cot with his legs, arms, and fingers outspread, according to the procedures set forth by Wyndham, et.al. (7). The thyroid uptake and urine excretion of radioiodine, as well as the total radioactive I and PBI in serum, will be measured every day during the five days according to the schedule set forth in Figure 1. In addition, blood samples will be collected to determine stable PBI, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein and creatinine in serum, in order to study changes in the concentration of the thyroid hormone and in plasma volume. Plasma samples will be frozen and stored for additional analyses. These will include thyroid stimulating hormone (ILLEGIBLE) and corticosteroid. Urine will be collected throughout the day in a number of two-hour periods and also at longer intervals. The urine will be examined for stable iodine, creatinine and specific weight. Thyroid and kidney clearance, as well as glomerular filtration may be calculated. Urine samples will be analyzed for catecholamine. Rectal and skin temperatures, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production will be measured during the cold exposure and the exercise periods, as well as resting in the natural thermal environment. The test schedule on a day with a cold exposure is shown for one subject in Figure 2. The sequence for thyroid uptake measurements, urine collection, blood sampling, and expired air collection is shown for four subjects at a time in Figure 3. Methods A single oral dose of 20-30 UCI 125I will be given. The dose will be chosen to give measurable values for PBI125I determinations, since the PB125I will be used as in index of the expected changes in thyroid function. Radiation exposure is considerably lower with 125I than with comparable doses/UCI has been shown to be about 2.3 (8) 125I omits no beta-radiation. The thyroid radioiodine uptake will be measured with a special thin crystal scintillation probe and an analyzer/scaler in accordance with the recommendation set forth by IAEA (9). The technique has been tested in a pilot study and has shown a greatly improved sensitivity and reproductibility as compared to standard uptake measurements with 131I. The urine excretion of radioiodine will be measured by means of a well scintillation counter. The radioactive I and PBI are determined in the same well counter by use of a notification of the ILLEGIBLE technique (Abbott). Repeated blood sample will be taken by means of indwelling plastic catheter, which eliminated the need for a rigid needle in the vein and repeated venipuncture. Approximately 20 ml./blood will be drawn each time. In all, not more than 300 ml./blood will be taken from each subject during the whole study. Stable PBI in serum is measured by automatic digestion (10). Hematocrit and hemoglobin are determined in the standard manner. Total protein and creatinine in serum are measured by autoanalyzer procedure, and electrophoresis is carried out in the normal manner. Thyroid stimulating hormone in plasma is to be determined by an improved immunoassay method according to Odel et al. (11). Corticosteroids in plasma are measured by the fluroimetric method. Stahla iodine in the urine is determined as described by Keough (12) and creatinine by autoanalyzer procedure. Urine samples with added ILLEGIBLE substances will be ILLEGIBLE and stored for subsequent measurements of catecholamines or their metabolites. The oxygen consumption measurements are made by using the Douglas bag and mask method. Samples of expired air are analyzed on Beckman O2 and co2 analyzers (7). Oxygen NOTICE ON A MEETING WITH THE WAINWRIGHT VILLAGE COUNCIL 21 November, 1967 This meeting was convened at 11:30 a.m. and adjourned at 12:45 p.m. The members of the council are: Pelton Segeven, Mayor absent -- hunting Billy Patkutak, Vice Mayor absent -- hunting Steve Ungadruk present Walter Nayakik present David Rodfish present Roy Ahmnogak present Freddy Ahmnogak absent -- hunting Glenn Sehaudia, Magistrate present Rossman Pretuk, Marshall present Barry Rodfish, Marshall absent -- hunting Billy Nashoaluk, City Clerk present The attendees from the Point Barrow Working Conference present at this meeting were: Dr. E.A. Milan Dr. D.W. Dennis Mr. Graham Rowley Dr. R.J. Shephard Dr. R. Gessain Dr. A.A. Dahlberg Dr. R.F. Spencer De. G.H. Beaton Dr. R.H. Obsorne The Council, speaking through Steve Ungadruk, asked the visitors to explain the purpose of the research project planned for the village this coming summer. Dr. Milan described the program, emphasizing the health benefits which would accrue to the people of Wainwright. They would be examined by a team of first-rate physicians including a cardiologist and radiologist. They would benefit from the presence of a dental team who would do remedial work. In turn, the villagers would be asked for blood, saliva and urine samples, allow themselves to be measured, and to participate in physical fitness testing. The villagers were told that this research program would be carried out on their kinsman in Canada and Greenland. The other visitors then spoke about certain phases of the research program. Dr. Gessain narrated incidents about his genealogical studies at Angaagsualik in ILLEGIBLE. Greenland which were well received by the Council members. The Village Council then stated that they would cooperate in the planned studies. However, the people would not allow nude photographs of themselves as were taken in the Air Force sponsored studies of cardiology by the team from the University of Oregon Medical School in 1958. The people wanted positive feed-back from the examining physicians relating to their state of health. The people did not want to be treated as "guinea pigs."