Tab D

Outline for Committee Briefing by Henry Royal: "Health Effects of
Radiation"

Background Materials on Radiation






                       Henry D. Royal, M.D.
                      Professor of Radiology
             Washington University School of Medicine
         Associate Director, Division of Nuclear Medicine
                Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology
                        St. Louis, Missouri

         Advisory committee on Human Radiation Experiments
                          May 18-19, 1994


                    Health Effects of Radiation

What is Radiation?
Amounts of Radiation
          Roentgens, rads; rems, curies
          Dose
          Sources of Radiation Exposure
Perceived Effects
Scientifically Accepted Effects
Deterministic Effects
Stochastic Effects
               Mutagenic Effects
               Teratogenic Effects
               Carcinogenic Effects
Medical Follow-up
Type of Exposure
External
               Whole Body
               Limited
               Internal
               Environmental Releases

                              Environmental Releases of I-131

                              Source                        kCi
               Nuclear weapons (1945-1980)             19127027
               Nuclear weapons (USA1951-1955)          4213622
               Nuclear weapons (USA1956-1958)          2070486
               Nuclear weapons (USA 1962)              1872973
               Nuclear weapons (USA 1945-1948)         21568
               Chernobyl (1986)                        7027
               Hanford (1944-47)                       685
               Windscale (1957)
               Green Run (1949)                        7.8
               Three Mile Island (1979)                0.02

Royal:Health Effects of Radiation                           Page 2

     Environmental Releases (continued)

          Area Affected   Population    Dose (x10 6    Average Dose
               (Km)           (x10 6)   Person-Rem)         (Rem)
Atmospheric    Worldwide      3000          3000            1
Testing
Background     Worldwide      3000           450            0.15
Radiation
Chernobyl      Worldwide      3000            60            0.02
Chernobyl      30             0.135          1.6            12
Airplane       Worldwide      3000           0.2            0.006
Travel
Three Mile     80             2              0.0033         0.002
Island

               Source         kCi

Risk Communication

                        List of Attachments
                    For Briefing Book Volume 2

Tab D     Background Materials On Radiation:
          Special Article: Concerns With Low-Level Ionizing
          Radiation Outline New Dimension Number Two - Plutonium 
          and the Transplutonic Elements (the Actinides);
          1940-1950.



			ATTACHMENT 3



Tab D	   Outline
	   New Dimension Number Two - Plutonium and the Transplutonic
  	   Elements (The Actinides); 1940-1950
	   Plutonium and the Actinides