ATTACHMENT
                                 E

   Armed Forces Medical Policy Council memorandum to Secretary,
                        December 21, 1952


                OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
                ARMED FORCES MEDICAL POLICY COUNCIL
                        WASHINGTON 25, D.C.

DECLASSIFIED                                    December 21, 1952

MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

SUBJECT:  Use of Human Volunteers in Experimental Research

     1.   The Armed Forces Medical Policy Council has considered
this subject at great length.  On 17 December 1951, the Council
went on record as endorsing the principle that final realistic
evaluation of biological warfare must await appropriate field
trials in which human subjects used.

     2.   The Chemical Corps of the Department of the Army has
primary responsibility for biological warfare research, for the
development of offensive strategy, tactics and weapons and for
coordinating the work required to establish appropriate defense
practices, methods and equipment.  The medical department has not
been directly involved to date.

     3.   At the 8 September 1952 meeting of the Council, Colonel
T.F. Whayne, Chief of Preventive Medicine, Office of the Surgeon
General of the Army, presented the problem of participation of the
medical services in biological warfare research for the purpose of
developing defense measures and devices.  It was pointed out that
the research had reached a point beyond which essential data could
not be obtained unless human volunteers were utilized for such
experimentation.  This was thought to be necessary in order to
arrive at a final realistic evaluation of defensive measures to be
adopted for protection against the potential use of these agents as
weapons in an attach on the United States.  Following detailed
discussion, it was unanimously agreed that the use of human
volunteers in this type of research be approved.  Certain
limitations were placed on the use of volunteers and the manner of
conducting the experiments to assure that they would be in
accordance with the highest scientific requirements.

     4.   The Armed Forces Medical Policy Council again considered
the subject at their meeting on 13 October 1952, in view of certain
changes in the conditions under which experiments were to be
conducted.  It was resolved that the ten rules promulgated at the
Nuremberg Trials be adopted as the guiding principles to be
followed.  An eleventh rule was added by the legal advisor to the
Council, Mr. Stephen S. Jackson.

     5.   Although the primary stimulus in this project originated
in connection with biological warfare research, it is desired to
point out that defensive measures against atomic and chemical
warfare agents are equally important.  For this reason all three
types of agents are to be included in further
experimental research.

     6.   The above recommendations have been coordinated with:

               Mr. Stephen S. Jackson (Tabs 2, 2a and 3)
               Mrs. Anna M. Rosenberg (Tab 3)
               Research and Development Board, OSD, (Tab 4)

     7.   It is strongly recommended that a policy be established
for use of human volunteers in experimental research under the
conditions approved by the Armed Forces Medical Policy Council and
set forth in Tab 1.  Memoranda for the secretaries of the Army,
Navy and Air Force covering the conditions of this policy are
attached hereto for your signature, upon final approval of the
policy.



                              Melvin A. Casberg, M.D.
                              Chairman

Attachment - 5

Further Coord: MLC
               Dir. Adm.
               Joint Staff