ATTACHMENT
                                 J

       Armed Forces Medical Policy Council recommendation,
                         January 13, 1953

                OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
                ARMED FORCES MEDICAL POLICY COUNCIL
                        WASHINGTON 25, D.C.


MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

SUBJECT:  Digest "Use of Human Volunteers in Experimental
          Research."

The Problem

     Approval of the recommendation that human volunteers be used
in experimental research in order to reach a realistic evaluation
of protective methods against biological, chemical and/or atomic
agents of warfare.

Factors Bearing on the Problem

     1.   Research which has been conducted in this field has been
restricted in most part to experimental animals.

     2.   Results based entirely on animal experimentation cannot
be interpreted as conclusive evidence of identical human reaction
to similar situations.  Such methods of extrapolation have in the
past and will continue in the future to lead experimenters into
serious errors.

     3.   In order for realistic evaluations to be made of the
defensive measures which should be adopted to protect our Nation
against a potential enemy attack with any one of the three types of
agents, it is necessary to secure additional information which can
be secured only through the use of human subjects.

     4.   The use of human volunteers shall be subject to the
principles and conditions laid down as a result of the Nuremberg
Trials, which will afford adequate protection to the individual
participant, as well as the Government.  One other restriction is
added in that prisoners of war shall not be used under any
circumstances.

Recommendation

     It is strongly recommended that a policy be established for
use of human volunteers (military and civilian employees) in
experimental research at Armed Forces facilities.


Concurrence

     This proposal has been concurred in by the following:

          Assistant Secretary (Manpower & Personnel)
          Assistant Secretary (Legal and Legislative Affairs
          Research and Development Board
          Joint Staff (JCS)
          Military Liaison Committee
          Secretary of Joint Secretaries
          Director of Administration, OSD

                              Melvin A. Casberg, M.D.
                              Chairman
                              Armed Forces Medical Policy Council