ATTACHMENT 8 Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE RESTRICTED DATA ILLEGIBLE ILLEGIBLE ILLEGIBLE (4) Personnel shelters of both the corrugated iron and cast concrete types; with and without earth covers. (5) Buried structures designed to determine basic data relative to load transmission through earth cover. (6) Buried structures designed to determine the effects of various entryways and vents upon the configuration of the blast wave. (7) Protection of a load bearing brick wall structure with precast concrete panels. (8) Typical precast concrete and light steel frame warehouse strengthened to be blast resistant. (9) Test of various types of glazing and window construction (10) Forest Stands. The projects to test military field installations and equipment included: (1) Various especially designed field fortifications, including foxholes instrumented for blast and reflected thermal energy. (2) A minefield containing both live and indicate minefield clearance studies. (3) Bailey Bridges. (4) Railroad rolling stock, military vehicles, Marine Car ILLEGIBLE's and ordnance equipment in tests designed for statistical analyst of effects. (5) Tactical communications systems. (6) POL installations. (7) Field medical installations. Instrumentation of structures was accomplished by the Ballistics Research Laboratories, Naval Ordnance Laboratory, and the Stanford Research Institute. Together they operated 670 channels of instrument on Shot 9 and 510 on Shot 10. 2.2.4 Program 4 - Bio-medical Effects This program consisted of five projects covering a diverse group of bio-medical effects of nuclear weapons. 1 Briefly the operations of this program involved the [illegible]: (1) Flying the animals (two monkeys and 60 mice confined in the prescribed cockpit of each of two ILLEGIBLE ILLEGIBLE aircraft) through the cloud of an atomic detonation to determine the relative hazard from inhaled fission products and integrated external gamma radiation. (2) Exposure of instrumented phantoms simulating a clothed man to the residual radiation of a contaminated ground surface to determine the relative hazard from beta and gamma radiation. (3) Exposure of statistical numbers of mice to the neutron field emanating from the gun type weapon detonated on this series to evaluate their biological significance. (4) Subjecting 12 human volunteers and 700 rabbits to the initial light flash from six atomic detonations to investigate its effects on the visual function of human eyes and to determine the burn injury processes in the dark adapted rabbit eye. (5) Subjecting 56 dogs and 900 rats to the blast wave from two atomic detonation (Shots 9 and 10) to study direct air blast injury in the pressure range of 20 to 50 psi. 2.2.5 Program 5 - Aircraft Structures Tests This program studied the blast and thermal effects on aircraft in flight. Navy dreams were exposed to relatively severe effects where safety requirements would not permit manned aircraft. The Air Force flew manned bombardment-type aircraft in a region expected to produce useful information but without extensive damage to the aircraft. The Navy AD-2 type drone aircraft participated in five detonations, two manned and three drone flights. The AD-2, in drone operation, was destroyed by severe thermal and blast effects on Shot 7 and the standby IBTD-1 drone substituted for Shots ILLEGIBLE and 9. The conditions obtained by the test aircraft will permit a successful evaluation of thermal and blast effects on AD type aircraft following delivery of an atomic weapon. Three instrumented and manned B-500 aircraft in a flight pattern simulating that of a bomb dropping aircraft participated in Shots 4 and 9. Attainment of approximately 75 per cent horizontal stabilizer design limit load on Shot 9 provided sufficiently precise structural data to enable accurate definition of minimum operational parameters for atomic weapon delivery by B-50 aircraft. In Shot 9, a B-36 aircraft was positioned to obtain a predicted 100 per cent design limit tail load in the up direction. Preliminary indications are that less than expected loads were obtained, however, data collected were sufficient to permit the correlation, verification and/or revision, of the present blast load theory. 2.2.6 Program 6 - Tests of Service Equipment and Operations 2