Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments
                                    
                LIST OF ACRONYMS AS OF FEBRUARY 10, 1995


ABCC  =  Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (established in 1946 to
study effects of atomic bombs dropped on Japan; disbanded in
1975; see RERF)

ACBM  =  AEC Advisory Committee on Biology and Medicine
(established in 1947 to review medical and biological research
and to assist AEC in developing policy in these areas; the
principal advisory committee to DBM; dissolved in 1974)

ACXRP  =  Advisory Committee on X-ray and Radium Protection
(1929-1946 independent committee under the auspices of the
National Bureau of Standards, recommended dose limits;
predecessor of NCRP)

AEC   =  Atomic Energy Commission (1947 MED successor and ERDA
predecessor)

AFMPC  =  Armed Forces Medical Policy Council (late 1940s/early
1950s medical advisory group to OSD)

AFRRI  =  Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (part of
DASA and later of DNA, 1962-1993)

AFSWP  =  Armed Forces Special Weapons Project (DOD predecessor
to DASA, 1947-1958)

AHCPR  =  Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (one of
eight components of PHS)

ALARA  =  as low as reasonably achievable (standard for
acceptable occupational exposure to radiation)

ANL   =  Argonne National Laboratory (AEC facility for nuclear
research, established near Chicago in 1946; now operated by
the University of Chicago for DOE)

ANP   =  Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion program (see NEPA)

ARC   =  Ames Research Center (established in 1941 near Palo
Alto, now part of NASA; conducts life sciences and aerospace
technological research)

ARS   =  acute radiation syndrome (disease produced by exposure
to excessive dosage of radiation; term coined by Dr. Robert Stone
in 1949)

ATSDR  =  Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry
(established in 1983, one of eight components of PHS)

BNL   =  Brookhaven National Laboratory (AEC clinical research
facility established in 1947 on Long Island, now operated by
Associated  Universities and funded by DOE; a key site of
biomedical research with radionuclides; has its own nuclear
reactors)

BRH   =  Bureau of Radiological Health (part of PHS)

BUMED  =  Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (part of Navy)

CDC   =  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (successor
to 1942 Malaria Control in War Program; established in 1946 as
the Communicable Disease Centers, now one of eight components of
PHS; based in Atlanta; responds to public health emergencies,
including radiation emergencies, and seeks to prevent and control
infectious and chronic diseases)

CDRH  =  Center for Devices and Radiological Health (FDA
predecessor)

CHR   =  Center for Human Radiobiology (created within Argonne
National Laboratory in the late 1960s)

CIA   =  Central Intelligence Agency (established in 1947 to
replace the wartime Office of Strategic Services; federal agency
charged with coordinating intelligence activities and carrying
out clandestine activities abroad)

CIC   =  Coordination and Information Center (contractor that
acts as a repository for DOE documents; currently managed by
Reynolds Electric and Engineering Co., Inc.)

CMR   =  Committee on Medical Research (WWII funder of medical
research as part of OSRD, later folded into NIH; administered by
the Division of Medical Sciences of the National Research Council
[NRC])

CRS   =  Congressional Research Service (part of Library of
Congress; prepares reports on any topic at the request of a
Member of Congress)

DASA  =  Defense Atomic Support Agency (1958 AFSWP successor,
within DOD; responsible for coordinating production and study of
nuclear weapons, weapons effects and nuclear weapons testing
programs)

DBM   =  AEC Division of Biology and Medicine (established in
1948 to direct and coordinate AEC biomedical research activities;
headed by Shields Warren in the early years; became the
Biological and Environmental Research Division in 1974)

DCI   =  Deputy Director of Central Intelligence

DDR&E  =  Director of Research & Engineering (1953 RDB
successor)

DMA   =  Division of Military Application (part of AEC,
concerned with nuclear weapons and some radiological
health/safety issues)

DNA   =  Defense Nuclear Agency (1971 successor to DASA, within
DOD)

DOD   =  Department of Defense (organized in 1949 to replace the
War and Navy Departments)

DOE   =  Department of Energy (1977 ERDA successor;
responsibilities include directing nuclear weapons research and
development, and nuclear energy)

Environmental Protection Agency     =  EPA

EOP   =  Executive Office of the President (U. S.)

ERDA  =  Energy Research and Development Administration (with
Nuclear Regulatory Commission [NRC], 1974 AEC successor; DOE
predecessor)

FACA  =  Federal Advisory Committee Act (federal statute
governing procedures for presidential advisory committees)

FDA   =  Food and Drug Administration (established in 1927
within Agriculture Department; transferred to FSA in 1940 and to
HEW in 1953; part of PHS since 1968; oversees safety of food,
drugs, cosmetics and medical devices)

FOIA  =  Freedom of Information Act (1966 federal statute
governing public release of government documents; nine categories
of documents, including those relating to national security,
are exempt)

FRC   =  Federal Records Center (repository of agency
documents)

FSA   =  Federal Security Agency (1939 HEW predecessor)

GAO   =  General Accounting Office (part of the legislative
branch that investigates and audits government programs)

GSA   =  General Services Administration (the Federal
Government's office adminstrator)

GSFC  =  Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA division in
Beltsville, MD; conducts research on the atmosphere and space
environment; site of design and construction of satellites and
spacecraft)

HEW   =  Department of Health, Education and Welfare (1953 HHS
predecessor)

HHS   =  Department of Health and Human Services (1980 HEW
successor; the principal federal agency charged with advancing
the health of Americans and providing essential human services)

HUMMRO     =  Human Resources Research Organization (affiliate
of George Washington University; prepared reports on bomb tests)

IG    =  Inspector General

IHS   =  Indian Health Service (provides comprehensive
health services for Native Americans and Alaska natives;
successor to programs of Department of the Interior begun in
1849, part of PHS since 1955; elevated in 1988 to full agency
status)

INEL  =  Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (DOE/INEL)

IRB   =  Institutional Review Board

JAEIC  =  Joint Atomic Energy Intelligence Committee (1948 JNEIC
successor, chaired by the CIA; monitored Soviet nuclear weapons
programs)

JCAE  =  Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (1947-1974
Congressional body charged with oversight of AEC)

JNEIC  =  Joint Nuclear Energy Intelligence Committee (1947-1948
interagency group providing foreign atomic energy program
estimates)

JRDB  =  Joint Research and Development Board (1946-1947
successor to OSRD; coordinated R&D between War and Navy
Departments)

JSC   =  Johnson Space Center (NASA division in Houston, Texas;
conducts research on space medicine, is responsible for astronaut
selection and training, and handles mission control for space
flights)

LANL  =  Los Alamos National Laboratory (AEC facility in New
Mexico established in 1943 as the Atomic Research Laboratory;
site of biomedical and other research; produced the first atomic
and hydrogen bombs; now operated by the University of California
with DOE funding)

LASL  =  Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (prior name of
LANL)

LBL   =  Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (research center near San
Francisco established in 1931; operated by the University of
California, now funded by DOE; site of first cyclotron
accelerators)

LETBI  =  low exposure total body irradiator

LLNL  =  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (established in
Livermore, CA in 1952 as a separate institution from LBL;
conducts nuclear research and underground nuclear explosion tests
in Nevada)

MED   =  Manhattan Engineer District (also known as the
Manhattan Project; AEC predecessor, established in 1942, under
the U. S. Army to build the atomic bomb)

METBI  =  medium exposure total body irradiator

MGH   =  Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston site of
radiation research)

MLC   =  Military Liaison Committee to AEC (DOD liaison to AEC;
reports to OSD)

MOU   =  Memorandum of Understanding

NACA  =  National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NASA
predecessor, established in 1915 to advance U. S. aviation
technology)

NARA  =  National Archives and Records Administration

NARS  =  National Archives and Records Service (the name of NARA
as an agency of GSA before establishment as an independent
agency)

NAS   =  National Academy of Sciences (a private body of
scientists and engineers chartered by Congress in 1863; goal is
to further the use of science for the general welfare; acts as an
official government advisor on science and technology issues)

NASA  =  National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(established in 1958; agency responsible for the development of
aviation and space technology and for space exploration)

NCI   =  National Cancer Institute (established in 1937, now
part of NIH)

NCRP  =  National Committee on Radiation Protection (1946 ACXRP
successor, known after 1964 as National Council on Radiation
Protection and Measurements; expanded ACXRP's interests to
include ionizing radiation)

NDRC  =  National Defense Research Committee (with CMR, formed
OSRD during WWII)

NEPA  =  Nuclear Energy Propulsion for Airplanes (1946-1961 Air
Force program on nuclear-powered bomber; also known as ANP)

NHI   =  National Heart Institute (part of NIH)

NIAMD  =  National Institute for Arthritis and Metabolic
Diseases (part of NIH)

NIH   =  National Institutes of Health (part of PHS; focuses on
research on causes, prevention and cure of diseases; begun as a
one-room Laboratory of Hygiene in 1887, now the world's largest
biomedical research facility; based in Bethesda, MD)

NIOSH  =  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(part of NIH's CDC)

NNES  =  National Nuclear Energy Series (series of 50 reports
comprising the official history of the Manhattan Project)

NNMC  =  National Naval Medical Center (Bethesda, Maryland)

NRC   =  National Research Council (operating arm of NAS;
established in 1916 to coordinate scientific and technological
resources for national service)

NRC   =  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (with ERDA, successor to
AEC; established in 1974 to run civilian nuclear power program,
including regulatory and licensing authority, and assume
radioisotope distribution)

NRDL  =  Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory (part of Navy,
disestablished in 1969)

NSC   =  National Security Council (a seven-member body
established in 1947 to advise the president on national security
matters; directs policies of the CIA)

NTPR  =  Nuclear Test Personnel Review (DNA program, established
in 1978)

NTS   =  Nevada Test Site (locus of 925 bomb tests between 1950
and 1992)

ONR   =  Office of Naval Research (part of Navy, established at
the end of World War II)

OPRR  =  Office for Protection from Research Risk (established
within NIH in 1966 to educate investigators and others about
research ethics)

ORAU  =  Oak Ridge Affiliated Universities (1966 successor to
ORINS; site of TBI)

ORINS  =  Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies (association of
universities conducting research at ORNL; later renamed ORAU)

ORNL  =  Oak Ridge National Laboratory (AEC research facility in
Tennessee; established as Clinton Laboratories in 1943 as part of
the MED; renamed in 1948)

ORO   =  Operations Research Organization (Johns Hopkins
University affiliate; produced reports on bomb tests)

OSD   =  Office of the Secretary of Defense

OSG   =  Office of the Surgeon General (within PHS)

OSRD  =  Office of Scientific Research and Development (within
the Executive Office of the President during World War II); its
components were NDRC and CMR.

OSTI  =  Office of Scientific and Technical Information
(office within DOE that manages information about DOE technical
reports; prepares Nuclear Science Abstracts)

PHS   =  Public Health Service (the federal government's
principal health agency; restructured three times since World War
II, now one of five operating divisions of HHS)

PNL   =  Pacific Northwest Laboratories (successor to Hanford
Laboratory); part of Batelle.

RAC   =  Research Advisory Council (coordinated Navy's R&D from
late 1940s to 1960s)

RDB   =  Research and Development Board (1947-1953 JRDB
successor; within DOD)

RERF  =  Radiation Effects Research Foundation (1975 successor
to ABCC)

RFA   =  Request For Applications

RFP   =  Request For Proposals

SAB   =  Scientific Advisory Board (coordinates Air Force R&D,
established in 1947)

SAM   =  School of Aviation Medicine (Air Force component;
conducted radiobiology research beginning in the late 1940s;
coordinated efforts with AFSWP and ORNL)

SAP   =  Scientific Advisory Panel (coordinated Army's R&D from
late 1940s to 1960s)

SWRHL  =  Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory (PHS
facility in Las Vegas that performed work for AEC)

TBI   =  total body irradiation

UCSF  =  University of California at San Francisco (key research
site; TBI studies performed by Dr. Robert Stone.)

USA   =  Army - Department of Defense, Department of the Army

USAF  =  Air Force - Department of Defense, Department of the
Air Force

USN   =  Navy - Department of Defense, Department of the Navy

VA    =  Department of Veterans Affairs (previously Veterans
Administration,1930-1989)

VACO  =  VA Central Office (VA headquarters)

VAMC  =  VA Medical Center (VA field site or facility)

VHA   =  Veterans Health Administration (VA division, successor
to Department of Medicine and Surgery.)

WRAMC  =  Walter Reed Army Medical Center