Kate
Doyle
Proceso
October 1, 2006
español/Spanish
The
Dead of Tlatelolco
Who are the dead of Tlatelolco?Archivos Abiertos is
determined to find an answer.
It seems like a simple question. Who among the thousands gathered
in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas on the afternoon of
October 2, 1968, did not come home that night? Who fell, instead,
at some dark moment, caught between agents shooting from the apartments
surrounding the square and the soldiers swarming below? Who died
from their wounds as a Red Cross ambulance careened through the
streets of Mexico City toward some emergency room? Who succumbed
days later in a hospital bed?
Who are the dead? What were their names?
They are questions that have haunted Mexico for 38 years. Perhaps
in another place, at another time, they would have been answered
simply--with autopsy and death certificates, police reports, hospital
records, film and photographs, and good journalism.
But Mexico was not that place, and 1968 was not that time. Mexico
in 1968 was a nation of secrets and lies, where rumors trumped
facts, propaganda masqueraded as news, and government officials
were accountable to no one.
As a consequence, today we have neither an official nor an unofficial
version of the massacre at Tlatelolco that explains its enduring
mysteries: What orders did the PRI-led government give its military,
police and intelligence services on October 2nd? Which senior
officials in the administration of Gustavo Díaz Ordaz gave
those orders? Why did the shooting begin?
And who died?
In the face of the government's refusal to explain its role over
the decades that followed 1968, others have tried: journalists,
writers, the former leaders of the student movement, historians,
political analysts. An independent "truth commission"
convened in 1993, but failed to reach a definitive conclusion
due to lack of resources, time and authority; the Comisión
Especial del 68 tried again in 1998 but was stymied by the lack
of evidence.
Elena Poniatowska wrote her ground-breaking account in 1971,
based on personal testimonies. Former student leaders, such as
Luis González de Alba, have contributed important eyewitness
accounts of the massacre. Sergio Aguayo established new facts
in his invaluable book, 1968: Los Archivos de la Violencia.
His unprecedented access to the documents of the Interior Secretariat
(General Directorate of Political and Social Investigations, or
IPS by its Spanish acronym) helped make his analysis the most
definitive to date.
And yet, no one has solved the problem of the dead.
"... [O]ne of the aspects of clarification still pending
is the number of those killed," wrote Aguayo in 1998. "As
long as this issue is unresolved, it is difficult to claim that
Tlatelolco has reached a final point." (Los Archivos
de la Violencia, 250)
Waiting
for Fox
Shortly after taking office in 2000, President Vicente Fox promised
to clarify the events at Tlatelolco. By naming a Special Prosecutor
charged with investigating the "dirty war"--beginning
with the 1968 massacre--and opening secret intelligence archives
to public scrutiny, Fox appeared to signal that his government
would no longer tolerate the official cover-up.
"We are prepared to face the ultimate consequences in the
clarification of these events," he told an audience gathered
outside the national archives to inaugurate the dirty war collection.
That was four and half years ago. As the 38th anniversary of
Tlatelolco approaches, we wait for clarification; there has been
none, to date.
Last December, the team of investigators and analysts responsible
for writing a definitive truth commission-style report for the
Special Prosecutor's office completed its work and turned the
document over to Dr. Ignacio Carrillo Prieto. When Carrillo failed
to present it to the President, a draft version was leaked to
a handful of prominent writers and reporters. The National Security
Archive posted the draft on our Web site in order to provide broad
public access to it and prod the Fox administration to publish
an official version.
Fox responded by promising that the final report would be issued
on April 15, but the deadline has come and gone without comment
from the President.
How many died at Tlatelolco? Archivos Abiertos decided we should
try and investigate the issue ourselves.
Names
and Numbers
Was it hundreds?
John Rodda, a sports writer for the British newspaper The
Guardian, was in Mexico to cover the Olympics when the massacre
took place. Based on what he witnessed and the interviews he gathered,
Rodda originally reported that 325 people died in the Plaza
de las Tres Culturas.
Many present in the plaza that night came to the same conclusion.
Students, passers-by and residents of the Tlatelolco apartment
complex told of witnessing hundreds of bodies: lying in pools
of blood, stacked up against the walls of the church, or tossed
into trucks that arrived after the shooting stopped to clean up
mess.
In the days and weeks and years following the massacre, the range
of estimates of the number of victims fluctuated wildly. President
Díaz Ordaz's spokesman, Fernando Garza, guessed shortly
after the shooting stopped that seven people had died; hours later,
he raised the number to 20. El Día counted 30
bodies. Siempre! counted 40. On October 5, the National
Strike Council, which had organized the rally at Tlatelolco, said
150 civilians and 40 soldiers had been killed. "Not one,"
General José Hernández Toldeo told Proceso,
when asked in 1978. In 1993, Félix Fuentes--who, as a reporter
with La Prensa in 1968, had written a gripping first-hand
account of the massacre--could only speculate: "The calculus
of those killed has oscillated between 200 y 1,500."
Somehow the estimate settled on 300. The number appears repeatedly:
in books, editorials, articles, memoirs. I have used the number
in my own writing. But without documentation, it is meaningless.
"It is terrible to have arrived at a number of those killed
by consensus," observed Aguayo (Los Archivos de la Violencia,
249). And by guessing at numbers without linking them to names,
we confiscate the very identities of the victims of Tlatelolco:
their faces, their families, their lives before they were lost.
Archivos Abiertos decided to investigate the names of
the victims of Tlatelolco. We spent some eight months conducting
an exhaustive review of records found in the IPS, DFS and Sedena
collections of the Archivo General de la Nación.
Although we consulted many of the extraordinary books written
about the massacre, we were determined to rely exclusively on
primary documents to piece together the puzzle.
Of course, documents can be misleading. Official records can
contain errors and distortions, just as memory can. But read collectively
and critically--and checked against secondary sources and eyewitnesses--they
can also provide the solid evidence necessary for the construction
of accurate history. Official records are the best weapons we
have to challenge decades of official silence about the past.
They also solve the problem of trying to write history "by
consensus"--what Luis González de Alba critiqued as
exercise of "suppositions… without facts, without research,
without interviews to the contrary, without the historical and
detective work that the events deserve" (cited in Los
Archivos de la Violencia, 13).
Our
sources
The decision by the Fox government to force the release of millions
of military, police and intelligence files in 2002 was a watershed
for openness in Mexico--and a radical break with the past. The
reality of trying to obtain those files, however, and use them
in an investigation is a tremendously difficult task. The collections
include no index. The archivists rely on internal, unpublished
rules--that seem to change frequently and without warning--to
decide what to release and what to deny. The process can frustrate
even the most persistent researcher to the point of defeat.
There are three distinct record groups.
The Dirección Federal de Seguridad
(DFS) collection in the AGN's Gallery 1 includes hundreds
of documents containing information gathered by the intelligence
agency in the aftermath of the massacre, and numerous references
to the dead. We relied heavily on the DFS records to construct
our list. The release of the documents is maddeningly arbitrary,
however. One day we would be told that a document we wanted to
read was reserved and could not be released. Weeks later, we would
receive the same document without difficulty from a different
archivist. Over time, we gathered several versions of the same
documents: some with pages missing, others with sections deleted,
still others released in full. The inconsistencies reflect the
lack of archival guidelines regulating the disclosure of information
from Gallery 1. The directorate of the national archives should
insist on the creation of a set of clear and defensible rules
and publish them, so that archive staff and outside researchers
alike will understand how to proceed.
In Gallery 2, the documents of the Dirección
General de Investigaciones Políticas y Sociales
(IPS) from Gobernación also provided evidence
on those killed at Tlatelolco. An important report by then-Attorney
General, Julio Sánchez Vargas, titled "Tlatelolco:
2 de octubre," contains details from the autopsies of
15 identified people killed at Tlatelolco, and an additional ten
more unidentified. Without a real index, however, the labor involved
in trying to review the IPS records is immense. Researchers cannot
request individual documents, but must comb through entire boxes
of unorganized paper in search of relevant information.
The records of the Secretariat of Defense in
Gallery 7 of the AGN contain nothing pertinent to the massacre
at Tlatelolco. It is clear from a review of the documents in that
gallery that Sedena withheld a vast amount of documentation from
the collection it turned over to the AGN. For example, "partes
militares" exist that announce the deaths of two army soldiers
on October 2nd, but we found them in a book published by Proceso
in 1980, not in the archives. President Fox--who charged the Army
as well as the Interior Secretariat and intelligence service with
turning over their records of the dirty war--should demand compliance
by the armed forces of his own executive order and require that
SEDENA records be disclosed.
We also consulted the Informe borrador del Fiscal
Especial, Que no vuelva a suceder, written in 2005
with extensive use of the AGN dirty war archives. It was not a
useful document. Although the section concerning Tlatelolco is
eloquent and detailed in describing the student movement of 1968,
it is riddled with errors and comes to no definite conclusion
about who was killed on October 2nd. Among the list of the victims
of Tlatelolco, for example, are people who died at student protests
that took place before October 2nd (such as Román Nájera
Valverde, who died in August 1968; see p. 72). Records are sometimes
mischaracterized, such as a draft of the Attorney General's report
on Tlatelolco, which is described as a document "apparently
elaborated by the CNH [Consejo Nacional de Huelga]"
(see p. 60, footnote 216). And in several cases, it was impossible
to verify information used by the Fiscal's investigators because
the documents have been resguardado por la Fiscalía
and are no longer open to the public.
Until the final version of the Special Prosecutor's report is
made public, it will be impossible to use the draft in an investigation
of the events at Tlatelolco. We await President Fox's decision
to release it, as he pledged.
Registry
of the deaths of Tlatelolco
Eight months after Archivos Abiertos launched our search
for official records, we can now publish an initial and definitive
list of the names of those who were killed at Tlatelolco. The
result is surprisingly low, though no less powerful in its implications.
To date, we have found records confirming the deaths of 44 men
and women in the archives of the dirty war. Thirty four of the
victims are identified by name. Ten more people are listed as
"unknown."
There may be others, but we have not yet found them in the archives
or in any other official registry. We will continue to search
for new evidence. What we do know is that the death of each of
the 44 individuals found in the files of the dirty war is documented
in more than one declassified government record. Each one is cross-checked
against the secondary sources available to us. Each one represents
a life lost in the senseless attack by government forces on the
student movement--an attack that killed not only students but
soldiers, workers, a teacher, a housewife, a 15-year old doméstica,
an unemployed father.
All of the government documents related to the 44 victims may
be found on the National Security Archive's Web site.
In the hope of identifying the ten victims of Tlatelolco that
remain nameless, and other victims not yet identified in files
of the dirty war, Archivos Abiertos is launching a new
blog today, where friends and family members can
register information, documentation, photographs and memories
about their loved ones lost on October 2nd. We hope, through this
electronic citizen registry to be able to arrive at a more definitive
list of Tlatelolco's victims, and to memorialize those lost.
To participate in the Registro
de los Muertos de Tlatelolco, go to the Web
site of the National Security Archive's Mexico Project and click
on the link to our blog
on Tlatelolco.
Together, we can construct an accurate history of the events
of Tlatelolco - a history based on facts as well as the painful
memories that linger.
Los
Muertos de Tlatelolco
(Click here for the complete list
with sources)
1.
Miguel Baranda Salas
2. Carlos Beltrán Maciel
3. Cornelio Benigno Caballero Garduño
4. José Ignacio Caballero González
5. Bertha Corona Tafoya
6. Constantino Corrales Rojas
7. Alejandro Felipe Carbajal Galán
8. Carlos Cristóbal Fortanel Hernández
9. Cuitlahuac Gallegos Bañuelos
10. Luis Gómez Ortega
11. Fernando Hernández Chantre
12. Ramón Horta Ruiz
13. Cecilio de León Torres
14. Manuel Telésforo López Carballo
15. [Pedro] Gustavo López Hernández
16. Rosalino Marín Villanueva
17. Petra Martínez García
18. Agustina Matus de Campos
19. [Ana] Rosa María Maximiana Mendoza Robles
20. Reynaldo Monzalvo Soto
21. Manuel Nájera Oviedo
22. Leonardo Pérez González
23. Melitón Pérez Vitel
24. Jaime Pintado Medina o Gil
25. Pablo Pinzón Martínez
26. Jorge Ramírez Gómez
27. Guillermo Rivera Torres
28. Octavio Rodríguez Cid
29. Armando Reyes Haro
30. Gilberto Reynoso Ortiz
31. Juan Rojas Luna
32. Antonio Solórzano Gaona
33. Ana María Regina Teuscher Kruger
34. Gloria Valencia Lara de González
…and
ten more unidentified persons.
Documents
Note:
The documents cited in this Electronic Briefing Book are in PDF
format.
You will need to download and install the free Adobe
Acrobat Reader to view.
Document
1
2 October 1968
Report on the deaths. - Plaza "Three Cultures"
Investigaciones Políticas y Sociales
8 pages
This document lists the hospitals that received those injured
and killed on October 2nd. It identifies victims when possible,
and lists the rest as unknown. The report mentions in particular
Delegation No. 3, in which 14 unidentified bodies were found -
eleven men and three women - and observes that one of the women
"was noted to be pregnant."
Included among those injured at Tlatelolco was the soldier Manuel
Telésforo López who was picked up by Red Cross.
The report indicates the grave condition in which he was found,
which "probably resulted in his death." Also included
in this list is information on the late Italian journalist Oriana
Fallaci, who was sent to Hospital Rubén Leñero and,
according to the document, refused to make a statement until she
could contact her embassy.
Source:
Archivo General de la Nación, Galería 2
IPS Caja 1459-A, F. 26-34
Document
2
3 October 1968 [incorrectly dated as 2 October]
Student Problem
Dirección Federal de Seguridad
5 pages
This intelligence report describes the violent clash between
soldiers and government snipers during the student-led meeting
at Tlatelolco, and its aftermath. Written in the early hours of
October 3rd, the document says that delegations and hospitals
around Mexico City were reporting 26 people dead, including four
women and one soldier, "the majority of which have not been
identified…" The document also reports 100 people wounded
and over one thousand detained.
Source:
Archivo General de la Nación, Galería 1
DFS Exp. 11-4, L. 44, F. 250-254
Document
3
4 October 1968
[Two days after Tlatelolco incident]
Dirección Federal de Seguridad
4 pages
[Missing pp. 281-284]
This is a summary of the aftermath of the violence at Tlatelolco.
The intelligence report discusses the decision by doctors in Mexico
City to strike in response to the repression; the funeral of Gilberto
Reynoso Ortiz, one of the young students killed on October 2nd;
and contains a list of the names of 18 others who died. The report
also mentions the deaths of three people injured on October 2nd
who died two days later as a result of their wounds, two soldiers
whose names are not given, and eight unidentified victims. The
first four pages of this document were withheld by the archivist
in Gallery 1.
Source:
Archivo General de la Nación, Galería 1
DFS Exp. 11-4, L. 44, F. [281] 285-288
Document
4
4 October 1968
Sinaloa State
Dirección Federal de Seguridad
1 page [transcription]
This document relates the arrival of the body of engineering
student Carlos Beltrán in his home state of Sinaloa. According
to the report, Beltrán's father, Jesús Beltrán
Valenzuela, sought to take the body to the family's home rather
than to the University of Sinaloa or into the hands of students.
Source:
Archivo General de la Nación, Galería 2
IPS Caja 1459-B, Exp. 22, F. 32
[Note: Although an AGN archivist refused to allow us to photocopy
this document, we were allowed to transcribe it.]
Document
5
5 October 1968
Student Problem
Dirección Federal de Seguridad
6 páginas
This document describes the declaration made by Sócrates
Campos Lemus before the Public Ministry and discusses student
rallies and other reactions to the violent incidents of October
2nd. The report also contains a reference to 18 year old Bertha
Corona Tafoya, who died from wounds sustained at the Plaza of
Three Cultures.
Source:
Archivo General de la Nación, Galería 2
IPS, Caja 1459-A, F. 13-18
Document
6
16 October 1968 [Incorrectly dated]
Persons who died during the student problem from the 26th
of July on, of this year
Dirección Federal de Seguridad
5 pages
This report contains a list of 42 people who were killed during
the student movement of the summer of 1968. Although the document
is dated 16 October, the last person mentioned was injured October
2nd and died on the 27th of the same month.
Every name contains information about the victim. In most cases,
the report lists the victim's profession, as well as the cause,
place and date of death. Some entries include references to the
friends and relatives who identified the body, and the victim's
home address.
Source:
Archivo General de la Nación, Galería 1
DFS Exp. 11-4-86, L. 53, F. 102- 106
Document
7
17 October 1968
[Forensic report on the events of 2 October]
Medical Forensic Service of the Federal District
1 page
This letter, signed by the Director of the Medical Forensic Service
of the D.F., Dr. Miguel Gilbon Maitret, is a response to a request
made by Attorney General Julio Sánchez Vargas regarding
the causes of death of 26 people at Tlatelolco. The report describes
the trajectories of bullets that struck the 26 victims, noting
that most had been hit horizontally [presumably as a result of
gunfire between soldiers in the plaza, rather than shots coming
from snipers posted above in apartments].
Source:
Archivo General de la Nacion, Galeria 1
DFS Exp. 11-4, L 58, F. 277
Document
8
29 October 1968
[Reaction of doctors to the acts of 2 October]
Dirección Federal de Seguridad
1 page [extract]
The Director of Federal Security, Gutiérrez Barrios, discusses
the reaction of the medical community to the acts of October 2nd,
reporting on the posting of anti-governmental language appearing
in hospitals in Mexico City. The document includes a final note
about Melitón Pérez Vitel, who died from wounds
sustained during the events at the Plaza of Three Cultures.
Source:
Archivo General de la Nación, Galería 1
DFS Exp. 11-4, L. 61, F. 202
Document
9
10 December 1968
[Assemblies at High Schools]
Dirección Federal de Seguridad
1 page [extract]
This intelligence report describes student assemblies of High
Schools (Vocacionales) 1, 2, 3 and 4 held after October
2nd, and their decision to continue striking in response to government
repression. In Voc. 1, students petitioned to name the school
auditorium after Guillermo Rivera Torres, a student from that
high school who died at Tlatelolco.
Source:
Archivo General de la Nación, Galería 1
DFS Exp. 11-4, L. 61, F 138
Document
10
31 January 1969
Report on those who were killed or injured on 2 October 1968,
during the events that occurred in the Plaza of the Three Cultures
of Santiago Tlatelolco.
Dirección Federal de Seguridad
4 pages
This report contains a list of 28 people killed and 51 injured
on October 2, 1968. In many cases it contains the occupation and
the age of the person listed.
Source:
Archivo General de la Nación; Galería 1
DFS Exp. 11-4, L. 68, F. 14-17
Document
11
3 October 1970
[Ceremony at the Escuela Nacional de Maestros]
Dirección Federal de Seguridad
1 page [extract]
This report describes a meeting held to discuss the events of
Tlatelolco, held in the Escuela Nacional de Maestros.
During the meeting, students called the army and police "assassins
of the people," and observed a minute of silence in memory
of one student, Juan Rojas Luna, who died on October 2nd. The
gathering was interrupted by students from the Instituto Politécnico
Nacional and the Preparatoria Popular protesting
the weak response by student associations to the events of Tlatelolco.
Source:
Archivo General de la Nación, Galería 1
DFS Exp. 63 3-1-70, L. 5, F. 334
Document
12
20 November 1971
[Complaint filed by CNH]
Procuradoría General de la República
37 pages
This is a legal complaint filed by members of the student-run
National Strike Council (Consejo Nacional de Huelga-CNH)
with the Attorney General on 20 November 1971. It contains a list
of "some of the victims of the Plaza of the Three Cultures
in Tlatelolco, 2 October 1968," naming 27 people who were
killed during the incident. The report also provides testimony
from 63 witnesses.
Source:
Archivo General de la Nación, Galería 1
DFS Exp. 11-4, L. 157, F. 140-177
Document13
[Undated]
Tlatelolco
Procuraduría General de la República
130 pages
This is the final 130-page report known as the "Blue Book"--written
by the Mexican Attorney General, Julio Sánchez Vargas--regarding
the events of Tlatelolco. The report contains information from
the autopsies of 25 people who died from bullet wounds on October
2, 1968. Ten of these individuals are listed as "unknown."
The details of the autopsies are of great importance because they
describe the entry and exit wounds sustained from the bullets,
establishing "irrefutable evidence [of] the origin and direction
of the shooting…which, if it does not lead to the identification
of the gunman, certainly provides the precise location of the
shooter in relation to the victim." The report also provides
pictures of the Plaza de Las Tres Culturas, with diagrams
displaying the bullet trajectories as deduced from the information
provided in the autopsy reports.
Source:
Archivo General de la Nación, Galería 2
IPS Caja 2688-A
Document
14
[26 February 2006]
Draft version of Que no vuelva a suceder…
Special Prosecutor on Social and Political Movements of the Past
(FEMOSPP)
16 pages [excerpt]
This extract concerning the events of October 2 comes from the
Special Prosecutor's draft report posted on the National Security
Archive website in February 2006. The report describes the student
movement during the summer of 1968, and the circumstances of the
violence that broke out during the rally at Tlatelolco. It contains
a provisional list of students who died during the meeting, although
there are errors in the names and sources.
Source:
The National Security Archive Web site
Document
15
17 November 2006
Historical Report to the Mexican Society 2006
Special Prosecutor on Social and Political Movements of the Past
(FEMOSPP)
29 pages [Extract]
This extract of the final report of the Mexican Special Prosecutor
concerning the events of October 2 is very similar to the draft
report made public in February 2006. It derives the same number
of deaths from Mexican police, military and intelligence files
(32), and continues to maintain that evidence does not exist to
establish a definitive list. The final report also contains the
same mistakes as the draft, such as the mischaracterization of
the Julio Sánchez Vargas report (Document
13) as the product of the National Strike Council (CNH), and
the inclusion of names of students who in fact died before October
2nd. One notable difference, however, is the final report's omission
of reference to documents held by the Special Prosecutor's office
in internal file folders, or Carpetas, which were used
by investigators. The omission of the reference leaves researchers
wondering if the documents will ever be returned to the Mexican
national archives, or if they will remain permanently where they
are now: under seal in the Office of the Attorney General.
Source:
The National Security Archive Web site
The
Dead of Tlatelolco
Autopsies
of the Ten Unidentified Victims
Collections
Consulted
LISTA
DE TARJETAS CONSULTADAS PARA SACAR LA ESTADÍSTICA DE MUERTOS
DURANTES LOS ACONTECIMIENTOS DEL 2 DE OCTUBRE DE 1968.
1)
MOTINES ESTUDIANTILES
2)
MUERTOS DURANTE LOS MOTINES ESTUDIANTILES
3)
CONSEJO NACIONAL DE HUELGA
4)
CONSEJO NACIONAL DE LUCHA DEL IPN
5)
HOSPITAL DE TRAUMATOLOGÍA "RUBÉN LEÑERO"
6)
CRUZ ROJA MEXICANA
7)
CRUZ VERDE
8)
CENTRO MÉDICO NACIONAL DEL IMSS
9)
HOSPITAL CENTRAL MILITAR
10)
HOSPITAL DE TRAUMATOLOGÍA DE LA VILLA
11) HOSPITAL DE BALBUENA
12) HOSPITAL DE TRAUMATOLOGÍA DE XOCO
13) HOSPITAL DE LA RAZA DEL IMSS
14) DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE INVESTIGACIONES PARA PREVENCIÓN
DE LA DELINCUENCIA.
a) Tercera Delegación de Policía.
b) Novena Delegación de Policía .
15) DEPARTAMENTO DEL DISTRITO FEDERAL
16) UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO
17) INSTITUTO POLÍTÉCNICO NACIONAL (las siguientes
escuelas vienen en esta tarjeta)
a) Escuela Superior de Medicina
b) Escuela Superior de Comercio y Administración
c) Escuela Superior de Ingeniería
d) Escuela Superior de Economía
e) Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas
18) TELEVICENTRO
19) SECRETARÍA DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES
20) SECRETARIA DE GOBERNACIÓN
21) SECRETARÍA DE LA DEFENSA NACIONAL
22) PROCURADURÍA GENERAL DE LA REPÚBLICA
23) PARROQUÍA DE SANTIAGO TLATELOLCO
24) SERVICIO MÉDICO FORENSE
25) ESCUELA DEL VALLE DE MÉXICO
26) COLEGIO FRANCO ESPAÑOL
27) CAMPO MILITAR No. 1
28) PANTEÓN FRANCÉS DE SAN JOAQUÍN
29) MOVIMIENTO UNIVERSITARIO DE RENOVADORA ORIENTACIÓN
(MURO)
30) COMITÉ OLIMPICO MEXICANO
31) COMITÉ OLIMPICO INTERNACIONAL
32) CÁMARA DE SENADORES
33) CÁMARA DE DIPUTADOS
34) COALICIÓN DE MAESTROS DE ENSEÑANZA MEDIA Y SUPERIOR
35) ESCUELA NACIONAL PREPARATORIA (las preparatorias mencionadas
en los incisos de abajo vienen en esta tarjeta)
a) Preparatoria No. 9
b) Preparatoria No. 3
c) Preparatoria No. 7
NOTA:
Y LA BÚSQUEDA AÚN CONTINÚA...
Bibliography
1.-
Aguayo, Quezada, Sergio, 1968. Los Archivos de la
Violencia, México, Grijalbo: Reforma, 1998.
2.-
García Medrano, Renward, El 2 de Octubre de 1968,
México, Rayuela Editores, 1998.
3.-
Campus Lemus, Sócrates A., 68.Tiempo de Hablar,
México, Sansores y Aljure Editores,1998.
4.-
Poniatowska, Elena, La Noche de Tlatelolco, México,
Editorial Era, 1971.
5.-
Farías, Luis M, Así lo Recuerdo, Testimonio
Político, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica,
1992.
6.-De
Mora, Juan Miguel, T-68. Tlatelolco, México, Editores
Asociados, 1973.
7.-
Varios Autores, 1968. El Principio del Poder, México,
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